植物油の大量摂取が腸内環境を悪化させる(Widely consumed vegetable oil leads to an unhealthy gut)

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2023-07-03 カリフォルニア大学リバーサイド校(UCR)

◆大豆油の過剰摂取は、肥満や糖尿病、自閉症、アルツハイマー病、不安、うつ病などのリスクと関連していることがわかりました。さらに、大豆油を摂取したマウスの研究では、有益な腸内細菌の減少と有害な細菌(特に侵入性大腸菌)の増加が見られ、これが潰瘍性大腸炎の原因となる可能性が示唆されました。
◆リノール酸が大豆油の主な懸念事項であり、過剰な摂取は腸内細菌叢に悪影響を及ぼします。この研究から、オリーブオイルの摂取が健康的であり、大豆油よりも安全であることが示されました。大豆油の摂取量を管理し、加工食品を避けることが重要です。

<関連情報>

リノール酸を多く含む食事は腸内カンナビノイド系を調節し、マウスの大腸炎感受性を高める Diet high in linoleic acid dysregulates the intestinal endocannabinoid system and increases susceptibility to colitis in Mice

Poonamjot Deol,Paul Ruegger,Geoffrey D. Logan,Ali Shawki,Jiang Li,Jonathan D. MitchellJacqueline Yu,Varadh Piamthai,Sarah H. Radi,Sana Hasnain,Kamil Borkowski,John W. Newman,Declan F. McCole,Meera G. Nair,Ansel Hsiao,James Borneman & Frances M. Slade
Gut Microbes  Published: 03 Jul 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2023.2229945

植物油の大量摂取が腸内環境を悪化させる(Widely consumed vegetable oil leads to an unhealthy gut)

ABSTRACT

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease with increasing incidence in the U.S. suggesting that environmental factors, including diet, are involved. It has been suggested that excessive consumption of linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 omega-6), which must be obtained from the diet, may promote the development of IBD in humans. To demonstrate a causal link between LA and IBD, we show that a high fat diet (HFD) based on soybean oil (SO), which is comprised of ~55% LA, increases susceptibility to colitis in several models, including IBD-susceptible IL10 knockout mice. This effect was not observed with low-LA HFDs derived from genetically modified soybean oil or olive oil. The conventional SO HFD causes classical IBD symptoms including immune dysfunction, increased intestinal epithelial barrier permeability, and disruption of the balance of isoforms from the IBD susceptibility gene Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α). The SO HFD causes gut dysbiosis, including increased abundance of an endogenous adherent invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which can use LA as a carbon source. Metabolomic analysis shows that in the mouse gut, even in the absence of bacteria, the presence of soybean oil increases levels of LA, oxylipins and prostaglandins. Many compounds in the endocannabinoid system, which are protective against IBD, are decreased by SO both in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that a high LA diet increases susceptibility to colitis via microbial and host-initiated pathways involving alterations in the balance of bioactive metabolites of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as HNF4α isoforms.

医療・健康
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