2024-02-06 米国国立標準技術研究所(NIST)
◆米国国立標準技術研究所(NIST)の研究者は、心臓疾患の研究に人間のようなモデルを模倣するシステムを開発しました。心臓を模したチップは、動物実験から薬剤開発への移行を促進します。これにより、より安全で迅速かつ正確な薬剤開発が可能になります。
◆この技術は、動物の心臓細胞の相互作用を模倣する小さなチップで、心臓の細胞内相互作用を研究します。この「心臓チップ」は、従来の動物実験に頼る従来の心臓疾患の薬物開発の限界に対処し、動物実験の代替手段としての可能性を秘めています。
<関連情報>
- https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/02/nists-heart-chip-microfluidic-marvel-shaping-future-cardiovascular-research
- https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/lc/d3lc00829k
ハートオンチップシステム:疾患モデリングと薬剤スクリーニングへの応用 Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications
Derrick Butler and Darwin R. Reyes
Lab on a Chip Published:06 Feb 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LC00829K
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
