新しい抗生物質化合物の発見:長年の研究の集大成(Decades-long quest leads to new antibiotic compounds)

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2025-03-21 ワシントン大学セントルイス校(WashU)

ワシントン大学セントルイス校の研究チームは、抗マラリア薬「シクログアニル」を化学的に改変し、薬剤耐性菌にも有効な新たな抗生物質化合物を開発しました。この薬剤は、細菌細胞膜を通過する「化学的鍵」を付加することで細胞内に侵入し、葉酸合成に必要な酵素を二重に阻害。大腸菌や黄色ブドウ球菌、さらに治療困難な緑膿菌やマイコバクテリウム・アブセッサスにも効果を示しました。本研究は20年以上にわたる学際的協力の成果であり、抗生物質開発の新たな道を開く重要な一歩となりました。

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2,4-ジアミノ-1,6-ジヒドロ-1,3,5-トリアジンによる二重作用性抗菌剤の展望を拡大するExpanding the Landscape of Dual Action Antifolate Antibacterials through 2,4-Diamino-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazines

John D. Georgiades,Daniel A. Berkovich,Samuel R. McKee,Angela R. Smith,Banumathi Sankaran,Kelly N. Flentie,Carlos H. Castañeda,Daniel G. Grohmann,Ram Rohatgi,Carrie Lasky,Twila A. Mason,James E. Champine,Patricia A. Miller,Ute Möllmann,Garrett C. Moraski,Scott G. Franzblau,Marvin J. Miller,Christina L. Stallings,Joseph M. Jez,Bruce A. Hathaway,Timothy A. Wencewicz
ACS Infectious Diseases  Published: February 14, 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00768

Abstract

新しい抗生物質化合物の発見:長年の研究の集大成(Decades-long quest leads to new antibiotic compounds)

Antibiotics that operate via multiple mechanisms of action are a promising strategy to combat growing resistance. Previous studies have shown that dual action antifolates formed from a pyrroloquinazolinediamine core can inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens without developing resistance. In this work, we expand the scope of dual action antifolates by repurposing the 2,4-diamino-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT) cycloguanil scaffold to a variety of derivatives designed to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and disrupt bacterial membranes. Dual mechanism DADHTs have activity against a variety of target pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among other ESKAPEE organisms. Through X-ray crystallography, we confirmed engagement of the Escherichia coli DHFR target and found that some DADHTs stabilize a previously unobserved conformation of the enzyme but, broadly, bind in the occluded conformation. Using in vitro inhibition of purified E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus DHFR and disruption of E. coli membranes, we determined that alkyl substitution of dihydrotriazine at the 6-position best optimizes the DADHT’s two mechanisms of action. By employing both mechanisms, the DADHT spectrum of activity was extended beyond the scope of traditional antifolates. We are optimistic that the dual mechanism approach, particularly through the action of antifolates, offers a unique means of combating hard-to-treat bacterial infections.

有機化学・薬学
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