小型CRISPRツールで植物ゲノム編集を高速・簡便化(Tiny CRISPR tool opens the door to faster, simpler plant genome editing)

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2025-04-23 カリフォルニア大学ロサンゼルス校 (UCLA)

小型CRISPRツールで植物ゲノム編集を高速・簡便化(Tiny CRISPR tool opens the door to faster, simpler plant genome editing)
Steven Jacobsen Lab/UCLA
Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings turn white when a particular gene is knocked out. UCLA and UC Berkeley scientists used a tiny CRISPR system they developed to modify the mother plant’s DNA, which the white seedlings inherited.

UCLAとUCバークレーの研究チームは、従来の方法よりも迅速かつ簡単に植物ゲノム編集を可能にする小型CRISPRシステム(ISYmu1)を開発した。このシステムはタバコラトルウイルスをキャリアとして使用し、遺伝子編集ツールを植物の生殖細胞に直接届けることで、トランスジーンを残さず次世代に遺伝子改変を伝える。これにより、これまで編集が難しかった作物にも応用が可能となり、農業における作物改良や食料安全保障への貢献が期待される。

<関連情報>

シロイヌナズナにおけるトランスジーンフリー生殖細胞系列編集のためのRNAガイドゲノムエディターのウイルス送達 Viral delivery of an RNA-guided genome editor for transgene-free germline editing in Arabidopsis

Trevor Weiss,Maris Kamalu,Honglue Shi,Zheng Li,Jasmine Amerasekera,Zhenhui Zhong,Benjamin A. Adler,Michelle M. Song,Kamakshi Vohra,Gabriel Wirnowski,Sidharth Chitkara,Charlie Ambrose,Noah Steinmetz,Ananya Sridharan,Diego Sahagun,Jillian F. Banfield,Jennifer A. Doudna & Steven E. Jacobsen
Nature Plants  Published:22 April 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-01989-9

Abstract

Genome editing is transforming plant biology by enabling precise DNA modifications. However, delivery of editing systems into plants remains challenging, often requiring slow, genotype-specific methods such as tissue culture or transformation1. Plant viruses, which naturally infect and spread to most tissues, present a promising delivery system for editing reagents. However, many viruses have limited cargo capacities, restricting their ability to carry large CRISPR-Cas systems. Here we engineered tobacco rattle virus (TRV) to carry the compact RNA-guided TnpB enzyme ISYmu1 and its guide RNA. This innovation allowed transgene-free editing of Arabidopsis thaliana in a single step, with edits inherited in the subsequent generation. By overcoming traditional reagent delivery barriers, this approach offers a novel platform for genome editing, which can greatly accelerate plant biotechnology and basic research.

細胞遺伝子工学
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