研究により、人気のある犬種における癌の脆弱性が明らかになった(Study reveals cancer vulnerabilities in popular dog breeds)

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2024-04-29 カリフォルニア大学リバーサイド校(UCR)

カリフォルニア大学リバーサイド校の研究によると、中型犬は非常に大きな犬や非常に小さな犬よりもがんになるリスクが高いとされています。この研究は、がんの発生に関する「多段階モデル」を検証し、同一種内のサイズの違いがリスク要因であることを示しています。人間でも、身長が高い人ほどがんのリスクが約10%ずつ増加します。特に中型犬ではがんのリスクが高く、一方で大型犬は寿命が短いためがんリスクが相対的に低くなっています。この研究結果は、動物のサイズががんのリスク要因であることを支持しています。

<関連情報>

家畜犬の体格と近親交配が癌死亡率に及ぼす影響:発癌の多段階モデルの検証 The effect of body size and inbreeding on cancer mortality in breeds of the domestic dog: a test of the multi-stage model of carcinogenesis

Leonard Nunney
Royal Society Open Science  Published:31 January 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231356

研究により、人気のある犬種における癌の脆弱性が明らかになった(Study reveals cancer vulnerabilities in popular dog breeds)

Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of death in domestic dogs. Deaths due to cancer vary widely among breeds, providing an opportunity for testing the multi-stage model of carcinogenesis. This model underpins evolutionary and basic studies of cancer suppression and predicts a linear increase in cancer with breed size, an expectation complicated by bigger breeds having a shorter lifespan (decreasing risk). Using three independent datasets, the weight and lifespan of breeds provided a good fit of lifetime cancer mortality to the multi-stage model, the fit suggesting many canine cancers are initiated by four driver mutations. Of 85 breeds in more than one dataset, only flat-coated retriever showed significantly elevated cancer mortality, with Scottish terrier, Bernese mountain dog and bullmastiff also showing notable risk (greater than 50% over expected). Analysis of breed clades suggested terriers experience elevated cancer mortality. There was no evidence that the lower mass-specific metabolic rate of larger breeds reduced cancer risk. Residuals indicated increased breed inbreeding shortened expected lifespan, but had no overall effect on cancer mortality. The results provide a baseline for identifying increased breed risk for specific cancers and demonstrate that, unless selection promotes increased cancer suppression, the evolution of larger longer-lived animals leads to a predictable increased cancer risk.

医療・健康
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