2024-12-20 マサチューセッツ大学アマースト校
マサチューセッツ大学アマースト校の研究者たちは、妊娠中および産後の女性の食生活が推奨される栄養基準を満たしていないことを明らかにしました。この研究では、米国の妊娠中および産後の女性の食事データを分析し、健康的な食生活指数(HEI)で評価しました。その結果、多くの女性が果物、野菜、全粒穀物の摂取が不足しており、逆に添加糖や飽和脂肪の摂取が多いことが判明しました。研究者たちは、妊娠期と産後の女性に対する栄養教育とサポートの強化が必要であると指摘しています。
<関連情報>
- https://www.umass.edu/news/article/most-women-get-low-grades-healthy-eating-during-and-after-pregnancy
- https://ajcn.nutrition.org/article/S0002-9165(24)00748-2/abstract
- https://jn.nutrition.org/article/S0022-3166(24)01033-2/abstract
妊娠初期から産後1年までの食事の質:前向きコホート研究 Diet quality from early pregnancy through 1-y postpartum: a prospective cohort study
Leah M Lipsky∙ Breanne Wright∙ Tzu-Chun Lin∙ … ∙ Craig Abbott∙ Anna Maria Siega-Riz∙ Tonja R Nansel
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Published:September 19, 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.09.016
Abstract
Background
Although diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum is important for multiple parent and child outcomes, within-person changes in diet quality throughout these periods have not been extensively examined.
Objectives
This study investigated diet quality from early pregnancy through 1 y postpartum and examined differences by sociodemographic characteristics in participants receiving obstetric care in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.
Methods
Participants completed 24-h dietary recalls at 6 study visits (each pregnancy trimester and 6 wk, 6 mo, and 1 y postpartum) (n = 383). Between-visit mean Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) scores (min = 0, max = 100) were compared using the population ratio (PR) method. The NCI usual intakes method estimated the distribution of HEI scores in pregnancy and postpartum; unpaired t-tests compared usual mean HEI scores by covariates; paired t-tests compared differences between mean pregnancy and postpartum.
Results
The total HEI mean ± standard error scores (NCI method) were 61.4 ± 0.8 in pregnancy and 61.7 ± 0.9 in postpartum. Mean HEI scores differed by sociodemographic characteristics, particularly education, marital status, and federal assistance participation. The highest scores were observed in participants with at least a bachelor’s degree (64.1 ± 0.9 in pregnancy, 64.5 ± 1.0 in postpartum, n = 257) and those with other non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (64.7 ± 1.8 in pregnancy, 66.4 ± 2.2 in postpartum). There were no between-visit differences in mean total HEI scores (PR). Although differences were observed in some mean HEI component scores between pregnancy and postpartum visits, they were small (mostly <1 point) in magnitude and in inconsistent directions.
Conclusions
Stable total HEI mean scores suggest that adherence to dietary guidelines was consistent throughout pregnancy and postpartum in this sample. Although some sociodemographic characteristics may identify individuals at greater risk of diet-related pregnancy complications, low diet quality was pervasive throughout all subgroups and reflects an urgent need for widespread improvement.
砂糖と飽和脂肪の摂取と妊娠中の消化管マイクロバイオームとの関連性 Dietary Sugar and Saturated Fat Consumption Associated with the Gastrointestinal Microbiome during Pregnancy
Caitlin Dreisbach∙ Tonja Nansel∙ Shyamal Peddada∙ Wanda Nicholson∙ Anna Maria Siega-Riz
The Journal of Nutrition Published:September 20, 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.016
Abstract
Background
Growing evidence supports changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome over the course of pregnancy may have an impact on the short- and long-term health of both the mother and the child.
Objective
Our objective was to explore the association of diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), with the composition and gene ontology (GO) representation of microbial function in the maternal gastrointestinal microbiome during pregnancy.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective, observational analysis of n = 185 pregnant participants in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study. Maternal dietary intake was assessed in the first trimester using the automated self-administered 24-h recall method, from which the HEI 2015 was calculated. Rectal swabs were obtained in the second trimester and sequenced using the NovaSeq 6000 system shotgun platform. We used unsupervised clustering to identify microbial enterotypes representative of maternal taxa and GO functional term composition. Multivariable linear models were used to identify associations between taxa, functional terms, and food components while controlling for relevant covariates. Multinomial regression was then used to predict enterotype membership based on a participant’s HEI food component score.
Results
Those in the high diet quality tertile had a lower early pregnancy BMI [mean (M) = 23.48 kg/m2, SD = 3.38] compared with the middle (M = 27.35, SD = 6.01) and low (M = 27.49, SD = 6.99) diet quality tertiles (P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant associations between the HEI components or the total HEI score and the 4 alpha diversity measures. Differences in taxa and GO term enterotypes were found in participants with, but not limited to, a higher saturated fat component score (β = 1.35, P = 0.01), added sugar HEI component (β = 0.07, P < 0.001), and higher total dairy score (β = 1.58, P = 0.01).
Conclusions
Specific dietary components are associated with microbial composition and function in the second trimester of pregnancy. These findings provide a foundation for future testable hypotheses.
