ダイエット:脳は空腹シナプスのシグナルを増幅する(Dieting: brain amplifies signal of hunger synapses)

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ヨーヨー効果に対抗する薬剤のターゲットになる可能性 Possible target for drugs to combat the yo-yo effect

2023-03-24 マックス・プランク研究所

ドイツのマックス・プランク研究所とハーバード医学大学の研究者たちは、マウスを用いた実験で、ダイエット中の脳のコミュニケーションが変化し、空腹感を調節する神経細胞が強い信号を受けるため、ダイエット後にマウスが大量に食べて急速に体重が増加することを明らかにしました。この発見は、ヨーヨー効果を防止する薬の開発や、ダイエット後に体重を減らしたまま維持するための治療法の開発につながる可能性があります。

<関連情報>

視床下部における体重回復のための飢餓のシナプス増幅器 A synaptic amplifier of hunger for regaining body weight in the hypothalamus

Katarzyna Grzelka, Hannah Wilhelms, Stephan Dodt, Marie-Luise Dreisow, Joseph C. Madara, Samuel J. Walker, Chen Wu, Daqing Wang, Bradford B. Lowell, Henning Fenselau
Cell Metabolism  Published: March 24, 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.002

ダイエット:脳は空腹シナプスのシグナルを増幅する(Dieting: brain amplifies signal of hunger synapses)

Highlights

Weight loss upon caloric deprivation activates PVHTRH neurons that co-express PACAP
Activated PVHTRH neurons increase the number of active PVHTRH → AgRP neuron synapses
Potentiation of excitatory PVHTRH → AgRP synapses lasts until lost weight is regained
PVHTRH → AgRP circuit activity is necessary and sufficient for driving weight (re)gain

Summary

Restricting caloric intake effectively reduces body weight, but most dieters fail long-term adherence to caloric deficit and eventually regain lost weight. Hypothalamic circuits that control hunger drive critically determine body weight; yet, how weight loss sculpts these circuits to motivate food consumption until lost weight is regained remains unclear. Here, we probe the contribution of synaptic plasticity in discrete excitatory afferents on hunger-promoting AgRP neurons. We reveal a crucial role for activity-dependent, remarkably long-lasting amplification of synaptic activity originating from paraventricular hypothalamus thyrotropin-releasing (PVHTRH) neurons in long-term body weight control. Silencing PVHTRH neurons inhibits the potentiation of excitatory input to AgRP neurons and diminishes concomitant regain of lost weight. Brief stimulation of the pathway is sufficient to enduringly potentiate this glutamatergic hunger synapse and triggers an NMDAR-dependent gaining of body weight that enduringly persists. Identification of this activity-dependent synaptic amplifier provides a previously unrecognized target to combat regain of lost weight.

医療・健康
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