宇宙飛行士のおかげで目について学ぶ研究者たち(Researchers Learning More About Eyes Thanks To Astronauts)

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2024-06-20 テキサス A&M大学

テキサスA&M大学のアナ・ディアス・アルティレス博士が率いる研究チームは、宇宙旅行と重力変化が人体に与える影響、特に目に及ぼす影響を研究しています。宇宙旅行中の重力変化は体内の体液の移動を引き起こし、心血管系や目の血管に影響を与えます。商業宇宙旅行の普及に伴い、宇宙旅行者が増えるため、この体液移動の役割を理解することが重要です。研究では、宇宙飛行関連神経眼症候群(SANS)の原因を解明し、下半身陰圧(LBNP)などの対策を検討しています。現在、LBNPが有効であるかは不明であり、今後もさらなる研究が必要とされています。

<関連情報>

眼灌流圧は下半身陰圧に反応して低下しない Ocular perfusion pressure is not reduced in response to lower body negative pressure

Eric A. Hall,Richard S. Whittle & Ana Diaz-Artiles
npj Microgravity  Published:08 June 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-024-00404-5

宇宙飛行士のおかげで目について学ぶ研究者たち(Researchers Learning More About Eyes Thanks To Astronauts)

Abstract

Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has been proposed as a countermeasure to mitigate the cephalad fluid shift occurring during spaceflight, which may be associated with the development of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). This study quantifies the effect of LBNP on intraocular pressure (IOP), mean arterial pressure at eye level (MAPeye), and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). Twenty-four subjects (12 male, 12 female) were subjected to graded LBNP in 0° supine and 15° head-down tilt (HDT) postures from 0 mmHg to –50 mmHg in 10 mmHg increments. IOP decreased significantly with LBNP pressure in 0° supine (by 0.7 ± 0.09 mmHg per 10 mmHg LBNP pressure, p < 0.001) and in 15° HDT (by 1.0 ± 0.095 mmHg per 10 mmHg of LBNP pressure, p < 0.001). MAPeye significantly decreased by 0.9 ± 0.4 mmHg per 10 mmHg of LBNP pressure in 0° supine (p = 0.016) but did not significantly change with LBNP in 15° HDT (p = 0.895). OPP did not significantly change with LBNP in 0° supine (p = 0.539) but it significantly increased in 15° HDT at 1.0 ± 0.3 mmHg per 10 mmHg of LBNP pressure (p = 0.010). Sex did not have a significant effect on OPP, MAPeye, or IOP in any condition. In 15° HDT, the reduction in IOP during increasing negative pressure, combined with the relatively constant MAPeye, led to the increase in OPP. Furthermore, results suggest that LBNP, while effective in reducing IOP, is not effective in reducing OPP across all postures investigated.

医療・健康
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