代謝症候群がパーキンソン病リスクを高めることを発見(Metabolic syndrome linked to increased risk of Parkinson’s disease)

2025-08-22

2025-08-21 カロリンスカ研究所(KI)

カロリンスカ研究所の大規模コホート研究(約46万人・15年間追跡)で、メタボリックシンドロームを持つ人はパーキンソン病の発症リスクが約40%高いことが示されました。発症率は非該当群で10,000人年あたり4.87件、該当群で5.21件でした。年齢や喫煙、運動習慣、遺伝的リスクを調整しても関連は残り、代謝症候群と遺伝的素因を併せ持つ人で特にリスク増加が顕著でした。さらに、過去8件の研究を統合したメタアナリシスでもリスクが平均29%上昇することが確認され、結果の一貫性が裏付けられました。ただし観察研究のため因果関係は断定できず、白人主体の集団に基づく点も限界です。研究者は、代謝改善がパーキンソン病予防に役立つかを今後検証する必要があるとしています。

<関連情報>

Metabolic Syndrome and Incidence of Parkinson Disease A Community-Based Longitudinal Study and Meta-Analysis 代謝症候群とパーキンソン病の発症率地域ベースの縦断的研究とメタ分析

Xinjie Zhang, Jiao Wang, Abigail Dove, Ting Yu, Qiang Li, Rebecca F. Gottesman, and Weili Xu
Neurology Published:August 20, 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000214033

Abstract

Background and Objectives

The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incident Parkinson disease (PD) remains equivocal. We aimed to investigate the association of MetS and its components with the risk of PD and to explore the role of genetic background in the MetS-PD association.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included PD-free adults aged 37–73 years from the UK Biobank. MetS was defined as presence of 3 or more of the following: elevated waist circumference (≥102 cm for men; ≥88 cm for women), hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive medication), dyslipidemia (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.04 mmol/L for men or <1.30 mmol/L for women or use of lipid-lowering medication), hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides ≥1.70 mmol/L or use of lipid-lowering medication), and hyperglycemia (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%). PD was diagnosed based on information from medical records. PD-related polygenic risk score (PRS_PD) was calculated based on the presence of 26 PD-related alleles and categorized as low, moderate, or high. Data were analyzed using Cox regression. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted by integrating the present UK Biobank data with findings from 8 other observational studies.

Results

The study included 467,200 participants (mean age 56.53 ± 8.09 years; 54.26% female), 177,407 (37.97%) of whom had MetS. Over the follow-up (6,605.9 × 1,000 person-years), 3,222 participants developed PD (5.01 [95% CI 4.84–5.18] per 10,000 person-years, age-specified and sex-specified). The hazard ratio of PD was 1.39 (1.11–1.74) for participants with MetS compared with those who were MetS-free. Furthermore, having a higher number of MetS components was dose-dependently associated with higher PD risk (HR: 1.14 [1.05–1.24]; p for trend = 0.001). In addition, PD risk was highest among participants with MetS and high PRS_PD (HR: 2.58 [2.12–3.14]; p for interaction = 0.002). In a meta-analysis of 24,789,538 participants with 98,582 incident cases of PD, the pooled relative risk of PD was 1.29 (1.15–1.44) for participants with MetS.

Discussion

Supported by evidence from meta-analysis, MetS was associated with higher risk of incident PD, especially in people with a high genetic predisposition for PD.