ナノ材料でバッタの化学物質検知能力を拡張(Locusts Get a Sensory Assist from Nanomaterials)

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2026-10-19 ワシントン大学セントルイス校

米国ワシントン大学セントルイス校の研究チームは、バッタが持つ高感度な嗅覚と、ナノ材料による化学物質の捕集・識別技術を組み合わせたハイブリッド化学センサーを開発した。バッタの触角や翅に、コラーゲン製の多孔質フォームと、表面増強ラマン散乱(SERS)を利用するナノ構造材料を組み合わせた。SERSは、金属ナノ構造の近傍にある分子のラマン散乱信号を増強し、微量化学物質の検出を可能にする技術である。実験では、この材料を装着したバッタは、材料を装着していないバッタや人工化学センサー単独の場合と比べ、試験した化学物質全般について検知性能が向上し、TNTに関連する化学物質の特徴も検出できた。また、材料の装着によってバッタ本来の機能が妨げられないことも確認された。本技術は、生物の機動性と嗅覚感度に人工材料の識別能力を組み合わせるもので、将来的には災害現場の捜索救助、危険物検知、災害区域の調査などへの応用が期待される。研究成果は学術誌 Advanced Materials に掲載された。

ナノ材料でバッタの化学物質検知能力を拡張(Locusts Get a Sensory Assist from Nanomaterials)

The antenna of a locust in Barani Raman’s lab is equipped with collagen foam containing nanomaterials that can detect and collect trace chemical signatures. Raman and colleague Srikanth Singamaneni, at WashU McKelvey Engineering, developed an approach that combines biological sensing with synthetic collection techniques, allowing for precise identification of certain compounds. (Photo: Raman lab)

<関連情報>

プラズモンフォームを用いたデュアルモードバイオハイブリッド化学センサー Plasmonic Foam-Enabled Dual-Modal Biohybrid Chemical Sensor

Avishek Debnath, Prashant Gupta, Rohit Gupta, Yixuan Wang, Yin-Yuan Huang, Feiyang Deng, Ramachandra Reddy Atigadda, Shantanu Chakrabartty, …

Advanced Materials Published: 23 September 2026

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.75082

ABSTRACT

Chemical sensing systems with high sensitivity, molecular specificity, and universality across diverse chemical species are critical in numerous applications, including homeland security, environmental monitoring, industrial process monitoring, and healthcare. Existing synthetic chemical sensors remain suboptimal against their biological counterparts when sensitivity, specificity, versatility, and stability are evaluated jointly. Insect olfaction-based biohybrid sensors have been proposed, but their accuracy scales with the number of insects and does not extend across chemically diverse species, limiting universality. In this study, we overcome this deficiency by integrating the insect olfactory system with a synthetic chemical sensor, yielding a hybrid platform that identifies a broader range of chemicals than either system alone. We realized an ultralight, highly porous, three-dimensional (3D) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate and interfaced it with the locust antenna and wings to harness the insect’s active odor-sampling abilities. Notably, the plasmonic foam provided molecular vibrational-fingerprint information without interfering with the insect’s innate chemical-sensing and locomotion abilities. By leveraging their complementary information, confidence-weighted fusion of neural and SERS responses outperformed either modality alone, improving odor-detection performance across all chemicals tested. This approach demonstrates the potential of interfacing functional nanomaterials with biological olfaction systems to create biohybrid chemical sensing systems with higher accuracy, specificity, and universality.

生物環境工学
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