ペンシルベニア州立大学の研究者が、45分で結果を出す試験用プロトタイプを開発 Penn State researchers develop test prototype that delivers results in 45 minutes
2022-08-05 ペンシルベニア州立大学(PennState)
個人がカートリッジに唾を吐き、それを処理プラットフォームに挿入する、手のひらサイズの検査キットを開発しました。45分以内に、研究者が開発したカスタムアンドロイドアプリに検査結果が送信されます。
このプラットフォームは、逆転写ループ媒介等温増幅法(RT-LAMP)を用いてウイルスを検出する。この温度は、ウイルスの粒子の殻が壊れて遺伝物質が放出される温度である。この温度では、ウイルス粒子の殻が壊れて遺伝物質が放出されます。次に、遺伝物質は、マイクロ流体カートリッジの中であらかじめパッケージされた試薬と混合されます。このとき、数個のウイルス分子が数十億個に増殖する化学反応が起こり、ウイルスの同定が容易になる。唾液サンプルにウイルスが含まれていれば、接続されたスマートフォンのアプリに陽性反応が表示されます。
<関連情報>
- https://www.psu.edu/news/engineering/story/new-home-saliva-based-covid-test-effective-pcr-preliminary-analysis/
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acssensors.2c01023
SLIDE 唾液を用いたSARS-CoV-2自己検査 RT-LAMPによる携帯端末での検査 SLIDE: Saliva-Based SARS-CoV-2 Self-Testing with RT-LAMP in a Mobile Device
Zifan Tang, Jiarui Cui, Aneesh Kshirsagar, Tianyi Liu, Michele Yon, Suresh V. Kuchipudi, and Weihua Guan
ACS Sensors Published:August 3, 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.2c01023
Abstract
Regular, accurate, rapid, and inexpensive self-testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed to quell pandemic propagation. The existing at-home nucleic acid testing (NAT) test has high sensitivity and specificity, but it requires users to mail the sample to the central lab, which often takes 3–5 days to obtain the results. On the other hand, rapid antigen tests for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen provide a fast sample to answer the test (15 min). However, the sensitivity of antigen tests is 30 to 40% lower than nucleic acid testing, which could miss a significant portion of infected patients. Here, we developed a fully integrated SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) device using a self-collected saliva sample. This platform can automatically handle the complexity and can perform the functions, including (1) virus particles’ thermal lysis preparation, (2) sample dispensing, (3) target sequence RT-LAMP amplification, (4) real-time detection, and (5) result report and communication. With a turnaround time of less than 45 min, our device achieved the limit of detection (LoD) of 5 copies/μL of the saliva sample, which is comparable with the LoD (6 copies/μL) using FDA-approved quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays with the same heat-lysis saliva sample preparation method. With clinical samples, our platform showed a good agreement with the results from the gold-standard RT-PCR method. These results show that our platform can perform self-administrated SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing by laypersons with noninvasive saliva samples. We believe that our self-testing platform will have an ongoing benefit for COVID-19 control and fighting future pandemics.
