数十万年にわたる腸内細菌とヒト宿主の同時進化の歴史を発見 Researchers discover simultaneous evolutionary history of gut microbes with their human hosts over hundreds of thousands of years
2022-09-15 マックス・プランク研究所
Gut microbes spread over the globe along with humans.© MPI for Biology Tübingen
研究者らは、1225人のヒトの研究参加者と、彼らの腸内で見つかった59種の微生物について系統樹を作成し、統計的検定を用いてこれらの樹がどの程度一致しているかを調査した。
調査した種の60%以上が、宿主であるヒトの進化史と一致した。
世界人口の多様なサブセットからデータを得るために、研究チームは、ヨーロッパ、アジア、アフリカの1225人の腸内細菌とゲノムを解析した。
<関連情報>
- https://www.mpg.de/19222205/0915-entw-gut-microbes-and-humans-on-a-joint-evolutionary-journey-151730-x
- https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm7759
腸内細菌叢のヒトとの共力化 Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans
Taichi A. Suzuki,J. Liam Fitzstevens,Victor T. Schmidt,Hagay Enav ,Kelsey E. Huus,Mirabeau Mbong Ngwese ,Anne Grießhammer,Anne Pfleiderer,Bayode R. Adegbite,Jeannot F. Zinsou ,Meral Esen, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan,Ayola A. Adegnika,Le Huu Song,Timothy D. Spector,Amanda L. Muehlbauer,Nina Marchi,Hyena Kang,Lisa Maier,Ran Blekhman ,Laure Ségurel ,GwangPyo Ko, Nicholas D. Youngblut,Peter Kremsner,Ruth E. Ley
Science Published:15 Sep 2022
DOI: 10.1126/science.abm7759
Intimate traveling companions
Most human populations have a similar range of microbial species living within their guts but show diversity among strains. Some microbial lineages are known to have speciated alongside hominids, but we do not know whether that is the case for modern humans. Suzuki et al. noted that the global distribution of some human gut microbial strains mirrors historical human migration patterns out of Africa (see the Perspective by Moeller). Paired phylogenies for humans and their respective microbiomes from Gabon, Vietnam, and Germany revealed that 59 bacterial strains and one archaeal strain have evolutionary histories in parallel with human phylogenies, indicating codiversification. These organisms appear to have acquired traits, such as oxygen intolerance and reduced genomes, that indicate host dependency. —CA
Abstract
The gut microbiomes of human populations worldwide have many core microbial species in common. However, within a species, some strains can show remarkable population specificity. The question is whether such specificity arises from a shared evolutionary history (codiversification) between humans and their microbes. To test for codiversification of host and microbiota, we analyzed paired gut metagenomes and human genomes for 1225 individuals in Europe, Asia, and Africa, including mothers and their children. Between and within countries, a parallel evolutionary history was evident for humans and their gut microbes. Moreover, species displaying the strongest codiversification independently evolved traits characteristic of host dependency, including reduced genomes and oxygen and temperature sensitivity. These findings all point to the importance of understanding the potential role of population-specific microbial strains in microbiome-mediated disease phenotypes.
