2026-04-27 スタンフォード大学
＜関連情報＞
- https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2026/04/brain-scans-children-behavior-research-individual-group
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-71404-0
認知制御の神経認知ダイナミクスにおける非エルゴード性とシンプソンのパラドックス Nonergodicity and Simpson’s paradox in neurocognitive dynamics of cognitive control
Percy K. Mistry,Nicholas K. Branigan,Zhiyao Gao,Weidong Cai & Vinod Menon
Nature Communications Published:27 April 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71404-0
Abstract
Nonergodicity and Simpson’s paradox present significant, yet underappreciated challenges in cognitive neuroscience. Leveraging brain imaging and behavioral data from over 4000 individuals and a Bayesian computational model of cognitive dynamics, we investigated brain-behavior relationships underlying cognitive control at both between-subjects and within-subjects levels. Strikingly, brain-behavior associations reversed across levels of analysis, revealing pervasive nonergodicity. Within-subjects analysis uncovered dissociated neural representations of reactive and proactive control and revealed that individuals who adaptively versus maladaptively regulated cognitive control exhibited distinct brain-behavior associations. Our findings demonstrate that between-subjects analyses can fundamentally mischaracterize within-individuals mechanisms, as group-level patterns not only disagreed with individual-level patterns but often reversed them. This work highlights the necessity of distinguishing between-subjects and within-subjects inferences in neuroscience, with implications for understanding cognitive mechanisms and designing personalized interventions.
