2026-05-06 ペンシルベニア州立大学（Penn State）
In this study, 17% of women had elevated blood sugar without a gestational diabetes diagnosis. Credit: LumiNola/Getty Images. All Rights Reserved.
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.psu.edu/news/health-and-human-development/story/elevated-blood-sugar-levels-during-pregnancy-may-result-poorer
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002916526000894
母体血糖値、妊娠糖尿病、胎児発育および妊娠週数に関する有害転帰との関連性：後向きコホート研究 The relationship between maternal glucose concentrations, gestational diabetes mellitus, and adverse fetal growth and gestational age outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Amrita Arcot, Kelly Gallagher, Jeffery A Goldstein, Alison D Gernand
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Available online: 16 March 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101280
Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance in pregnancy and no history of diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The relationship between elevated glucose without GDM and pregnancy outcomes is not well understood.
Objectives
To examine the relationships between glucose challenge test (GCT) concentrations and GDM with fetal growth and gestational age at birth.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using secondary medical record data from Northwestern Memorial Hospital (n = 10,899). The data were from pregnancies where the placenta was sent for pathology. We examined birth weight z-score, gestational age at birth, birth weight to placental weight ratio, small for gestational age, large for gestational age (LGA), and preterm birth. We categorized glucose groups: pass GCT/no GDM (control), fail GCT/no GDM, and GDM. We adjusted linear and log-binomial regression models for maternal age, race, parity, gestational age at birth, and infant sex.
Results
Of the placentas sent to pathology, 5% were from pregnancies diagnosed with GDM. Birth weight z-score was marginally higher in the fail GCT/no GDM (adjusted mean difference: 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09, 0.19) and the GDM group (0.19; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.29), compared with the control. The GDM group had a nearly 3-day mean difference in gestational age (‒2.88; 95% CI: ‒4.00, ‒1.77). Patients in the fail GCT/no GDM group had a higher risk of LGA and preterm birth, by 41% (95% CI: 22%, 63%) and 27% (95% CI: 12%, 44%), respectively. Patients in the GDM group had a 71% (95% CI: 34%, 216%) higher risk of LGA, but preterm birth risk was not significantly different.
Conclusions
GDM was associated with the highest mean birthweight z-score, the shortest mean gestational age, and a higher risk of LGA. Higher glucose concentrations and failed GCT without GDM were associated with a higher risk of preterm birth and LGA.
