爬虫類の長寿と老化に関する最大規模の研究により、野生のカメはゆっくりと年を取り、寿命も長いという初めての包括的な証拠を示し、本質的に年を取らない種も特定された Largest study on longevity and aging in reptiles provides first comprehensive evidence that turtles in the wild age slowly and have long lifespans, and identifies several species that essentially do not age
2022-06-23 ペンシルベニア州立大学(PennState)
An international team of 114 scientists, led by Penn State and Northeastern Illinois University, reports the most comprehensive study of aging and longevity to date comprising data collected in the wild from 107 populations of 77 species of reptiles and amphibians worldwide. Credit: Mathew Schwartz, Unsplash. All Rights Reserved.
研究チームは、カメ、ワニ、サンショウウオが、体格の割に特に老化率が低く、寿命が長いことを初めて明らかにしました。また、ほとんどのカメが持つ硬い甲羅などの保護表現型が、老化を遅らせ、場合によっては「無視できる老化」、つまり生物学的老化の欠如に寄与していることも明らかになった。
今回の研究で、外温動物の老化速度や寿命は、同サイズの内温動物の既知の老化速度を大きく上回ることも下回ることも明らかになった。このことは、動物の体温調節方法(冷血と温血)が、必ずしも老化速度や寿命を示唆するものではないことを示唆している。
<関連情報>
- https://www.psu.edu/news/story/secrets-reptile-and-amphibian-aging-revealed/
- https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm0151
外温性四肢動物における多様な老化速度が、老化と長寿の進化に与える洞察 Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity
Beth A. Reinke,Hugo Cayuela,Fredric J. Janzen ,Jean-François Lemaître ,Jean-Michel Gaillard,A. Michelle Lawing ,John B. Iverson,Ditte G. Christiansen,Iñigo Martínez-Solano ,Gregorio Sánchez-Montes,Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez,Francis L. Rose,Nicola Nelson,Susan Keall,Alain J. Crivelli,Theodoros Nazirides,Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth ,Klaus Henle,Emiliano Mori ,Gaëtan Guiller,Rebecca Homan,Anthony Olivier,Erin Muths,Blake R. Hossack,Xavier Bonnet,David S. Pilliod,Marieke Lettink,Tony Whitaker,Benedikt R. Schmidt ,Michael G. Gardner,Marc Cheylan ,Françoise Poitevin,Ana Golubović,Ljiljana Tomović ,Dragan Arsovski,Richard A. Griffiths ,Jan W. Arntzen ,Jean-Pierre Baron ,Jean-François Le Galliard ,Thomas Tully,Luca Luiselli ,Massimo Capula,Lorenzo Rugiero,Rebecca McCaffery ,Lisa A. Eby,Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez,Frank Mazzotti,David Pearson,David M. Green ,Nathalie Jreidini ,Claudio Angelini,Graham Pyke,Jean-Marc Thirion ,Pierre Joly,Jean-Paul Léna,Anton D. Tucker ,Col Limpus,Pauline Priol ,Aurélien Besnard,Pauline Bernard,Kristin Stanford ,Richard King,Justin Garwood,Jaime Bosch ,Franco L. Souza,Jaime Bertoluci,Shirley Famelli,Kurt Grossenbacher,Omar Lenzi,Kathleen Matthews,Sylvain Boitaud,Deanna H. Olson ,Tim S. Jessop ,Graeme R. Gillespie,Jean Clobert,Murielle Richard,Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez,Gary M. Fellers,Patrick M. Kleeman,Brian J. Halstead,Evan H. Campbell Grant,Phillip G. Byrne,Thierry Frétey,Bernard Le Garff,Pauline Levionnois,John C. Maerz ,Julian Pichenot,Kurtuluş Olgun ,Nazan Üzüm,Aziz Avcı ,Claude Miaud ,Johan Elmberg,Gregory P. Brown ,Richard Shine,Nathan F. Bendik,Lisa O’Donnell,Courtney L. Davis ,Michael J. Lannoo,Rochelle M. Stiles ,Robert M. Cox ,Aaron M. Reedy ,Daniel A. Warner ,Eric Bonnaire,Kristine Grayson ,Roberto Ramos-Targarona,Eyup Baskale ,David Muñoz ,John Measey ,F. Andre de Villiers ,Will Selman,Victor Ronget,Anne M. Bronikowski,David A. W. Miller
Science Published:23 Jun 2022
DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0151
Abstract
Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.
