2026-10-01 アリゾナ大学
＜関連情報＞
- https://news.arizona.edu/news/study-sex-chromosomes-drive-how-bodies-deal-cancer-heart-health-and-longevity
- https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeh0145
X染色体とY染色体は老化と疾患の決定因子となる X and Y chromosomes as determinants of aging and disease
Dena B. Dubal, Fabrisia Ambrosio, Michael B. Stout, and Dan Theodorescu
Science Published:1 Oct 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aeh0145
Abstract
Sex differences have traditionally been attributed to gonadal hormones, but accumulating evidence shows that sex chromosomes exert distinct, cell-autonomous effects on health, aging, and disease. XX and XY complements alter gene dosage, epigenetic programming, immune signaling, metabolism, and cellular stress responses, which shape aging and disease trajectories in women and men. This Review integrates mechanistic advances in sex chromosome biology—including escape from X chromosome inactivation, X reactivation, parent-of-X-origin, X-skew, X- and Y-linked gene functions, and Y loss—with aging, neurologic disease, immunity, cancer, and cardiometabolic disease. We highlight insights from mouse models, human studies, and emerging technologies that disentangle hormone-driven effects from chromosome-mediated effects and discuss translational implications for diagnostics, biomarkers, therapeutics, and clinical trial design, emphasizing the integration of sex chromosome biology into precision medicine.
