2023-09-19 ワシントン州立大学(WSU)
◆科学者は、根毛の成長を促進する「BUZZ」という植物遺伝子を発見しました。この遺伝子は根の成長を制御し、硝酸塩の取り込みに関与します。硝酸塩は植物の成長に不可欠な窒素源であり、肥料として使用される際に環境汚染の原因となります。
◆この発見は、作物の持続可能な栽培方法の開発に寄与する可能性があります。BUZZ遺伝子は硝酸塩の濃度に応じて根の成長を調整し、窒素を見つける能力に影響を与えます。この遺伝子は特に硝酸塩と根のシステムに関連しており、基礎研究が応用研究につながる重要な役割を果たす可能性があります。
<関連情報>
- https://news.wsu.edu/press-release/2023/09/19/gene-required-for-root-hair-growth-nitrate-foraging-found-in-grasses/
- https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.19079
BUZZ:Brachypodium distachyonにおける根毛の成長に不可欠な遺伝子であり、根の構造のメディエーターでもある BUZZ: an essential gene for postinitiation root hair growth and a mediator of root architecture in Brachypodium distachyon
Thiel A. Lehman, Miguel A. Rosas, Rhoda A. T. Brew-Appiah, Shyam Solanki, Zara B. York, Rachel Dannay, Ying Wu, Eric H. Roalson, Ping Zheng, Dorrie Main, Tobias I. Baskin, Karen A. Sanguinet
New Phytologist Published: 08 July 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19079
Summary
- Here, we discover a player in root development. Recovered from a forward-genetic screen in Brachypodium distachyon, the buzz mutant initiates root hairs but they fail to elongate. In addition, buzz roots grow twice as fast as wild-type roots. Also, lateral roots show increased sensitivity to nitrate, whereas primary roots are less sensitive to nitrate.
- Using whole-genome resequencing, we identified the causal single nucleotide polymorphism as occurring in a conserved but previously uncharacterized cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-like gene. The buzz mutant phenotypes are rescued by the wild-type B. distachyon BUZZ coding sequence and by an apparent homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, T-DNA mutants in A. thaliana BUZZ have shorter root hairs.
- BUZZ mRNA localizes to epidermal cells and develops root hairs and, in the latter, partially colocalizes with the NRT1.1A nitrate transporter. Based on qPCR and RNA-Seq, buzz overexpresses ROOT HAIRLESS LIKE SIX-1 and -2 and misregulates genes related to hormone signaling, RNA processing, cytoskeletal, and cell wall organization, and to the assimilation of nitrate.
- Overall, these data demonstrate that BUZZ is required for tip growth after root hair initiation and root architectural responses to nitrate.
