コリスチン耐性大腸菌の病原性を解明~コリスチン耐性の獲得様式によって大腸菌の病原性が大きく異なる~

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2026-10-19 北海道大学,酪農学園大学,札幌医科大学,大阪公立大学,信州大学

北海道大学などの研究グループは、重要な抗菌薬コリスチンに耐性を持つ大腸菌について、耐性の獲得様式によって病原性や生体内での生存能力、治療効果が大きく異なることを明らかにした。研究では、ヒトの感染症に関係する国際的なハイリスク系統ST131を共通の遺伝的背景として、染色体の変異や、耐性遺伝子を運ぶプラスミドを導入した菌株を作製し、マウス感染モデルなどで比較した。その結果、mcr-1を持つIncI2型プラスミドの獲得やpmrA変異では病原性が低下した一方、mcr-5を持つIncFII型プラスミドやpmrB変異では病原性が維持され、コリスチン治療の効果も弱まった。さらに、IncI2型プラスミド上のVafA・VafBという因子が、細菌のcAMP産生やプリン合成を抑え、増殖と病原性を低下させることを突き止めた。この成果は、薬剤耐性の有無だけでなく、その獲得機構や遺伝的背景まで考慮して病原性と健康リスクを評価する必要性を示している。

コリスチン耐性大腸菌の病原性を解明~コリスチン耐性の獲得様式によって大腸菌の病原性が大きく異なる~
本研究の概要図

<関連情報>

大腸菌クローンST131におけるコリスチン耐性因子の生体内比較評価 Comparative in vivo evaluation of colistin resistance determinants in Escherichia coli clone ST131

Toyotaka Sato ∙ Soh Yamamoto ∙ Jirachaya Toyting-Hiraishi ∙ Mana Tohyama ∙ Masaru Usui ∙ Hiharu Inoue ∙ et al.
eBioMedicine  Published: August 5, 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106423

Summary

Background
Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections. Health risks associated with colistin resistance are commonly inferred from resistance phenotypes, despite limited in vivo evidence linking resistance determinants to pathogenic outcomes. Whether distinct colistin resistance determinants confer differential clinical risks remains unknown.

Methods
Using the MDR Escherichia coli ST131 clone, we constructed isogenic mutants harbouring representative plasmid-mediated (mcr-encoding plasmids) or chromosomal (pmrAB) colistin resistance determinants. We systematically evaluated antimicrobial susceptibility, in vivo fitness, virulence, and therapeutic efficacy using murine infection models in female BALB/c mice. Transcriptomic, biochemical, and genetic analyses were performed to identify determinant-specific pathogenic mechanisms.

Findings
Clinical risk associated with colistin resistance was highly determinant-specific. Acquisition of pIncI2_mcr-1, pIncP1_mcr-3, or pmrA mutations significantly attenuated in vivo fitness and virulence, whereas pIncFII_mcr-5 and pmrB mutations preserved pathogenicity and caused marked colistin treatment failure. We identified two plasmid-encoded virulence attenuation factors, VafA and VafB, carried on pIncI2_mcr-1. These factors interacted with adenylate cyclase (CyaA), reprogrammed the ST131 transcriptome, suppressed purine biosynthesis, and reduced bacterial growth and virulence independently of colistin resistance itself.

Interpretation
Health risks of colistin-resistant E. coli cannot be inferred from resistance phenotypes alone. Determinant-specific in vivo evaluation reveals clinically important heterogeneity in pathogenic potential and treatment outcomes. Surveillance and risk assessment frameworks should prioritise resistance determinants that preserve virulence and compromise last-line therapy, rather than treating colistin resistance as a uniform clinical threat.

Funding
Food Safety Commission of Japan, the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), JSPS KAKENHI.

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