2026-09-11 東京都医学総合研究所
図1．ご褒美を得るために動く場合と、損を避けようと動く場合で、行動を引き起こす脳の仕組みは同じなのか︖
＜関連情報＞
- https://www.igakuken.or.jp/topics/2026/0911.html
- https://www.jneurosci.org/content/46/34/e0238262026
接近/回避動機に基づく行為の神経基盤における共通性と独自性 Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Approach- and Avoidance-Motivated Actions
Sho K. Sugawara, Yoshihisa Nakayama, Yuki H. Hamano, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaki Fukunaga, Norihiro Sadato and Yukio Nishimura
Journal of Neuroscience Published:26 August 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0238-26.2026
Abstract
The motivation to approach rewards and avoid negative outcomes often guides human action. However, whether these opposing motivations for actions engage common or distinct neural pathways in humans remains unresolved. To address this, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using a ready–set–go task with potential monetary gains (approach) and losses (avoidance) in 29 healthy individuals (18 males and 11 females). At the prefrontal level, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex were preferentially activated by the anticipation of gains and losses, respectively, indicating distinct cortical representations of approach and avoidance motivations. At the subcortical level, the dorsolateral ventral midbrain (VM) was engaged during the anticipation of both gains and losses, whereas the ventromedial VM was selectively activated by gain anticipation. Crucially, dorsolateral VM activity was positively correlated with the subsequent peak grip force but not the reaction time (RT), suggesting its role in transmitting motivational signals to downstream motor circuits. At the motor cortical level, the activity of the primary motor cortex was correlated with both the grip force and RT. Together, these findings suggest a hierarchical circuit in which approach and avoidance motivations are distinctly represented in the prefrontal cortex, partially converge in the VM, and ultimately influence motor cortex activity to generate motor output. This framework provides evidence that opposing motivations engage both distinct and shared neural pathways and that their integration through subcortical–cortical interactions enables motivational signals to shape human motor action.
