2026-07-13 ワシントン大学セントルイス校
＜関連情報＞
- https://source.washu.edu/2026/07/dementia-rising-across-latino-populations-multidecade-study-finds/
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2851645
ラテンアメリカおよびカリブ海地域における認知症有病率の傾向 Trends in Dementia Prevalence Across Latin America and the Caribbean
Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra, MD, MSc; Yu-Tzu Wu, PhD; Issac Acosta, MD;et al
JAMA Neurology Published:July 13, 2026
DOI:10.1001/jamaneurol.2026.2305
Key Points
Question Has dementia prevalence changed over 2 decades across Latin America?
Findings In this cross-sectional study of 16 950 adults aged 65 years or older across 5 Latin American catchment areas, dementia prevalence increased from 10.6% in 2003 to 2006 to 16.9% in 2016 to 2020. Age- and sex-standardized prevalence increased substantially in Mexico, Peru, and Puerto Rico while remaining stable in Cuba and the Dominican Republic.
Meaning These findings suggest that dementia prevalence is rising across several Latin American settings, contrasting with declining trends in high-income countries and underscoring the need for risk reduction strategies at a population level.
Abstract
Importance Reliable estimates of dementia prevalence trends are essential for health policy planning. Latin America is undergoing rapid population aging, yet it remains unclear whether dementia prevalence mirrors declining patterns reported in high-income countries.
Objective To examine 2-decade trends in dementia prevalence across 5 Latin American and Caribbean sites participating in the 10/66 Dementia Research Group.
Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional, population-based study included data from 5 population-based catchment areas participating in the 10/66 study: Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru, and Puerto Rico. Data were collected at 2 time points: 2003 to 2006 and 2016 to 2020. Participants were community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older, identified through exhaustive door-to-door enumeration across 2 survey waves. Data were analyzed between March 2025 and May 2026.
Exposures Survey wave (2003-2006 vs 2016-2020) was the primary temporal comparison. Secondary exposures included modifiable dementia risk factors from the Lancet Commission on dementia prevention.
Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was crude and age- and sex-standardized dementia prevalence using the 10/66 dementia diagnostic algorithm. Adjusted prevalence differences between waves were estimated using Poisson regression with sequential adjustment for education, health behaviors, and health risk factors.
Results Of 23 709 eligible individuals identified, 5892 declined or could not be traced and 17 817 were assessed. After excluding participants with missing dementia diagnosis or data, the analytic sample included 16 950 participants (wave 1: n = 10 374; wave 3: n = 6576; mean [SD] age, 76.0 [7.5] years; 63.7% women). Pooled crude prevalence increased from 10.6% (95% CI, 10.0%-11.2%) at 2003 to 2006 to 16.9% (95% CI, 15.9%-17.8%) at 2016 to 2020. After age and sex standardization to 2025 United Nations population structures, prevalence remained stable in Cuba and the Dominican Republic but increased substantially in Mexico (4.9 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, 3.0-6.8 pp), Peru (4.1 pp; 95% CI, 1.9-6.4 pp), and Puerto Rico (5.0 pp; 95% CI, 1.8-8.2 pp). Increasing trends in Mexico (adjusted difference: 6.3%; 95% CI, 4.1%-8.5%) and Puerto Rico (7.2%; 95% CI, 3.8%-10.6%) persisted after full adjustment for health behaviors and risk factors.
Conclusions and Relevance This study found that dementia prevalence has increased over 2 decades across several Latin American 10/66 catchment sites, contrasting with declining trends reported in high-income countries. These findings, while specific to the 5 studied sites, highlight the growing and uneven burden of dementia in the region and underscore the need for strengthened surveillance, risk reduction strategies, and investment in dementia care infrastructure.
