カッコウの色彩変異:稀少性の利点(Color variants in cuckoos: the advantages of rareness)

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2024-04-24 ミュンヘン大学(LMU)

カッコウの雌は、猛禽類に似た二つの色彩変異(灰色と赤褐色)を持ち、この擬態により、他の鳥の巣に自身の卵を置く際、攻撃されることなく接近できます。ミュンヘン大学のヨッヘン・ヴォルフ教授とCIBIOの研究チームは、これらの色彩が雌に限定されている遺伝的基盤を調査し、色彩の遺伝子変異がW染色体または母系を通じてのみ伝わるミトコンドリアに位置していることを突き止めました。彼らの研究は、レアな色彩変異が進化的に利点を持つことを示唆しており、この遺伝的多様性が長期間保たれる理由を説明しています。

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カッコウにおける性限定多型の進化と遺伝的構造 Evolution and genetic architecture of sex-limited polymorphism in cuckoos

JUSTIN MERONDUN, CRISTIANA I. MARQUES, PEDRO ANDRADE, SWETLANA MESHCHERYAGINA, […], AND JOCHEN B. W. WOLF
Science Advances  Published:24 Apr 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adl5255

カッコウの色彩変異:稀少性の利点(Color variants in cuckoos: the advantages of rareness)

Abstract

Sex-limited polymorphism has evolved in many species including our own. Yet, we lack a detailed understanding of the underlying genetic variation and evolutionary processes at work. The brood parasitic common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is a prime example of female-limited color polymorphism, where adult males are monochromatic gray and females exhibit either gray or rufous plumage. This polymorphism has been hypothesized to be governed by negative frequency-dependent selection whereby the rarer female morph is protected against harassment by males or from mobbing by parasitized host species. Here, we show that female plumage dichromatism maps to the female-restricted genome. We further demonstrate that, consistent with balancing selection, ancestry of the rufous phenotype is shared with the likewise female dichromatic sister species, the oriental cuckoo (Cuculus optatus). This study shows that sex-specific polymorphism in trait variation can be resolved by genetic variation residing on a sex-limited chromosome and be maintained across species boundaries.

生物化学工学
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