2024-07-31 ワシントン大学セントルイス校
<関連情報>
- https://source.wustl.edu/2024/07/nasal-covid-19-vaccine-halts-transmission/
- https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adp1290
ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-Sによる粘膜免疫により、ワクチン未接種のハムスターへのSARS-CoV-2の連続感染が阻止される Mucosal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S prevents sequential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to unvaccinated hamsters
Tamarand L. Darling, Houda H. Harastani, Astha Joshi, Traci L. Bricker, […], and Adrianus C. M. Boon
Science Advances Published:31 Jul 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adp1290
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have successfully reduced severe disease and death after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Nonetheless, COVID-19 vaccines are variably effective in preventing transmission and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we evaluated the impact of mucosal or intramuscular vaccine immunization on airborne infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters. Immunization of the primary contact hamsters with a mucosal chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored vaccine (ChAd-CoV-2-S), but not intramuscular messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, reduced infectious virus titers ~100-fold and 100,000-fold in the upper and lower respiratory tract of the primary contact hamster following SARS-CoV-2 exposure. This reduction in virus titer in the mucosal immunized contact animals was sufficient to eliminate subsequent transmission to vaccinated and unvaccinated hamsters. In contrast, sequential transmission occurred after systemic immunization with the mRNA vaccine. Thus, immunization with a mucosal COVID-19 vaccine protects against cycles of respiratory transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and can potentially limit the community spread of the virus.
