気候温暖化は、世界中の氷河を源とする河川生態系を変化させる(Climate warming alters glacier-fed stream ecosystems worldwide)

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2022-04-27 スイス連邦工科大学ローザンヌ校(EPFL)

氷河消失プロジェクトの一環として実施された最近の2つの研究によると、氷河を水源とする河川の生態系は、世界中で大きな変化を遂げつつあることがわかった。それは、食物連鎖や自然の炭素循環に大きな影響を与える可能性があります。

氷河を水源とする河川の生態系は、何千年にもわたって栄養不足の過酷な環境条件を生き抜いてきた。これは、EPFLの建築・土木・環境工学部(ENAC)に属するEPFL河川生態系研究所(RIVER)の科学者が発表した2つの研究結果の結論である。

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氷河渓流におけるバイオフィルムの生態学的好機に対するゲノムおよび代謝適応に関する研究 Genomic and metabolic adaptations of biofilms to ecological windows of opportunities in glacier-fed streams

Susheel Bhanu Busi,Massimo Bourquin,Stilianos Fodelianakis,Grégoire Michoud,Tyler J. Kohler,Hannes Peter,Paraskevi Pramateftaki,Michail Styllas,Matteo Tolosano,Vincent De Staercke,Martina Schön,Laura de Nies,Ramona Marasco,Daniele Daffonchio,Leïla Ezzat,Paul Wilmes & Tom J. Battin

Nature Communications  Published: 20 April 2022

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29914-0

気候温暖化は、世界中の氷河を源とする河川生態系を変化させる(Climate warming alters glacier-fed stream ecosystems worldwide)

Abstract

In glacier-fed streams, ecological windows of opportunity allow complex microbial biofilms to develop and transiently form the basis of the food web, thereby controlling key ecosystem processes. Using metagenome-assembled genomes, we unravel strategies that allow biofilms to seize this opportunity in an ecosystem otherwise characterized by harsh environmental conditions. We observe a diverse microbiome spanning the entire tree of life including a rich virome. Various co-existing energy acquisition pathways point to diverse niches and the exploitation of available resources, likely fostering the establishment of complex biofilms during windows of opportunity. The wide occurrence of rhodopsins, besides chlorophyll, highlights the role of solar energy capture in these biofilms while internal carbon and nutrient cycling between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs may help overcome constraints imposed by oligotrophy in these habitats. Mechanisms potentially protecting bacteria against low temperatures and high UV-radiation are also revealed and the selective pressure of this environment is further highlighted by a phylogenomic analysis differentiating important components of the glacier-fed stream microbiome from other ecosystems. Our findings reveal key genomic underpinnings of adaptive traits contributing to the success of complex biofilms to exploit environmental opportunities in glacier-fed streams, which are now rapidly changing owing to global warming.

生物環境工学
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