AIと顕微鏡を組み合わせて細胞の遺伝子機能を解明(Tracking Down Cellular Gene Functions with AI and Microscopy)

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2026-10-07 ミュンヘン大学(LMU)

ドイツ・ミュンヘン大学(LMU)などの研究チームは、AI・顕微鏡・遺伝子スクリーニングを組み合わせた「SPARCS」という新技術を開発した。SPARCSは、遺伝子を改変した細胞を大規模に顕微鏡撮影し、AIで細胞の複雑な形態・状態の変化を解析したうえで、特徴的な細胞を個別に回収できる。研究では約7000万個の細胞の画像をAIで解析し、細胞内リサイクル機構であるオートファジーに関与する遺伝子を網羅的に探索。さらに自然免疫センサーSTINGについて、ゴルジ体の酸性度とタンパク質GPHRがSTINGの輸送・活性化に関係することを明らかにした。回収した細胞は質量分析によるタンパク質解析も可能であり、遺伝子変化、細胞形態、分子機構を結び付けられる。

<関連情報>

SPARCSは、遺伝子スクリーニングのための複雑な画像ベースの表現型のスケーラブルな復元を可能にする SPARCS enables scalable recovery of complex image-based phenotypes for genetic screening

Niklas A. Schmacke ∙ Sophia C. Mädler ∙ Georg Wallmann ∙ … ∙ Fabian J. Theis ∙ Matthias Mann ∙ Veit Hornung
Cell  Published:October 6, 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2026.09.021

AIと顕微鏡を組み合わせて細胞の遺伝子機能を解明(Tracking Down Cellular Gene Functions with AI and Microscopy)

Highlights

  • SPARCS enables image-based CRISPR screening of complex phenotypes at scale
  • AI guides recovery of mutant cells in situ by automated laser microdissection
  • Genome-wide screens in 70 million cells reveal regulators of autophagy and STING signaling
  • Profiling isolated hits by mass spectrometry proteomics maps pathways driving phenotypes

Summary

Forward genetic screening links genotype to phenotype by introducing random genetic perturbations and identifying phenotype-altering mutations. Although genome-scale screens are routine for simple phenotypes in cultured cells, extending them to complex image-based phenotypes remains challenging. Here, we present spatially resolved CRISPR screening (SPARCS), a microscopy-based platform for forward genetic screening on single-cell images. SPARCS physically isolates mutants in situ by automated laser microdissection, enabling image-based screening at unprecedented scale with multimodal hit phenotyping. We demonstrate SPARCS in genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens of autophagosome formation and activation of the immune sensor STING across 70 million cells. Via machine learning-based image analysis, SPARCS recovered most macroautophagy genes and identified GPHR as a pH-dependent regulator of STING. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of isolated hit cells revealed endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi disruption and nominated additional STING regulators via in silico perturbation modeling. These results establish SPARCS as a scalable platform for genome-wide genetic screening of complex cellular phenotypes with a proteome-level readout.

細胞遺伝子工学
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