成長するバイオフィルムが宿主の環境を積極的に変化させることが明らかに(Growing biofilms actively alter host environment, new study reveals)

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2023-12-06 ペンシルベニア州立大学(PennState)

◆ペンシルバニア州立大学の研究によると、バイオフィルムが環境を形成し、内部構造を微調整する方法が詳細に解明されました。バイオフィルムは、微生物の組織的なコミュニティで、成長する際に自己形状化し、環境と相互作用します。
◆バイオフィルムは活動的な液晶構造を形成し、これにより形状、パッキング、および順序を制御可能にします。この発見は、有益なバイオフィルムの制御可能な成長、有害なものの排除、新しい生体活性材料の設計に影響を与える可能性があります。特に、医療分野での応用が期待され、バイオフィルムはヒトや動物の病気の成長に重要な役割を果たし、免疫反応を逃れることができます。

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自己形成する成長する線虫としてのバイオフィルム Biofilms as self-shaping growing nematics

Japinder Nijjer,Changhao Li,Mrityunjay Kothari,Thomas Henzel,Qiuting Zhang,Jung-Shen B. Tai,Shuang Zhou,Tal Cohen,Sulin Zhang & Jing Yan
Nature Physics  Published:09 October 2023
DO:Ihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02221-1

成長するバイオフィルムが宿主の環境を積極的に変化させることが明らかに(Growing biofilms actively alter host environment, new study reveals)

Abstract

Active nematics are the non-equilibrium analogue of passive liquid crystals. They consist of anisotropic units that consume free energy to drive emergent behaviour. As with liquid crystal molecules in displays, ordering and dynamics in active nematics are sensitive to boundary conditions. However, unlike passive liquid crystals, active nematics have the potential to regulate their boundaries through self-generated stresses. Here we show how a three-dimensional, living nematic can actively shape itself and its boundary to regulate its internal architecture through growth-induced stresses, using bacterial biofilms confined by a hydrogel as a model system. We show that biofilms exhibit a sharp transition in shape from domes to lenses in response to changing environmental stiffness or cell–substrate friction, which is explained by a theoretical model that considers the competition between confinement and interfacial forces. The growth mode defines the progression of the boundary, which in turn determines the trajectories and spatial distribution of cell lineages. We further demonstrate that the evolving boundary and corresponding stress anisotropy define the orientational ordering of cells and the emergence of topological defects in the biofilm interior. Our findings may provide strategies for the development of programmed microbial consortia with emergent material properties.

生物化学工学
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